Frank andeeson



(No Modem V P. ANDERSON.

POLARIZED RELAY.

No. 267,966. I Patented Nov. 21,1882.

Fly/ e F F Fig. 3.

o a; g v N D -0 E n g B f 0 f 1 {I xx x A D K g we am M by UNITED STATES PATENT OFFICE.

FRANK ANDERSON, OF PEEKSKILL, NEXV YORK.

POLARIZED RELAY.

SPECIFICATION forming part of Letters Patent No. 267,966, dated November 21, 1882.

Application filed September 7, 1882.

To all whom it may concern:

Be it known that I, FRANK ANDERSON, of Peekskill, in the county of Westchester and State of New York, have invented a new and useful Improvement in Polarized Relays; and I do hereby declare that the following is a full, clear, and exact description of the same.

This relay is designed especially for fast or automatic telegraphy, though it may be used in any method where opposite or reversed currents are used. The object is to produce a relay of great sensitiveness that will work at high speed without undulyincreasingthe resistance. The object is accomplished by an arrangement of the poles of a magnet which admits oi" the use of a very light armature, and by causing the current to act only on the armature, which, being small and light, admits of very rapid changes of its magnetic condition, and for the same reason requires a comparatively small part of a current to reverse its magnetism.

It has been proposed heretofore to suspend on a thread an armature between the poles of permanent magnets, the armature being surrounded by a coil in the line-circuit, whereby the polarity of the armature could be changed and oscillation thereof effected. In my apparatus I .use a freely-moving armature and surrounding coil; and my invention consists in details of construction in which the principle of the freely-moving armature, combined with the coil in the main-line circuit, is more effectually carried out.

Figure 1 is an end elevation of the essential parts. Fig. 2 is a plan of the same, with some of the parts left out for clearness. Fig. 3 is a side and partly-sectional view or elevation of Fig.1. Fig.4is a sectional view of the coil and spool. Fig. 5 is a plan of spool and armature.

A A is the base of the instrument. B B isa permanent magnet,whose polesn s are extended by the pieces 0 G, on which-are formed the final poles c c c c, as in Fig. at; or the poles may be formed wholly or in part by the screws 1) I) I) b, Figs. 1 and 2, to afford a convenientmeans of adjustment. ith this latter arrangement, if desirable, the pieces 0 0 might be dispensed with and the screws 1) b passed through the poles proper, n s, of the magnet. It will be seen that each of the bifurcated extensions'c c retains the polarity of the pole to which it be- (NO model.)

longs, so that in this case both the poles e c on the right hand will be north and both on the left will be south.

Yhithin the space formed by the extensions c c is placed a bobbin or spool, G, retained in place by the screws 9 g, which pass through the pieces 0 G and enter a flange, G, formed in the middle of the spool. The core of the spool,which is preferablyofhard rubberor simi- 6o lar material,ishollow,as sl1owninFigs.4and 5. Within this hollow core is placed the armature D, of soft iron. It is pivoted in the middle on the pin f,which passes through the middle flange, G, of the spool. The ends of the armature extend beyond the spool far enough to come opposite the poles c c of the permanent magnet. The position of the pivotf is such as to allow the armature to vibrate between the points or poles c c c c. A light extension, (I, of 7a the armature plays between the contact-points M, these points forming the ends of the adjusting-screws F F, which work in the metal bars 0 e, the latter supported by the block of insulating material E, attached to the upper edges of the magnet B. The spool G is filled with wire, both sections wound in the same direction, so as to be the same in effect on the armature as if one section occupied the whole space. The ends of the wire are connected to So the binding-posts 1 and 2, Fig. 2. The middle flange, G, formed on the spool serves to support the pivot f and to receive the attachingscrews 9 g.

It might be desirable in some cases to make the spool in two independentparts and support the pivotf by other means; but in any case the wire on the spools should be woundin the same direction, so that a current will make a magnet of the armature with poles only at the 0 ends.

The contact-points it are connected through 0 and screw 6 to the binding-posts 3 and 5, and the armature to the post 4, Fig. 2. 3and 5 are connected with opposite poles of a divided bat- 5 tery, andet to thenew circuit, either line or local.

The magnet B may be either single or compound. If thelatter, of course with like poles together; or, if desirable, an electro-inagnet might be employed for B. y

The action of the instrument is as follows: When no current is present the armature 1),

' being of soft iron and having no magnetism of its own, will be attracted equally by the poles c c 00, if it be midway between them; butifa current passes through the coil the armature will then have a polarity of its own, and its poles will seek the poles of the permanent magnet, whose polarity is opposite to its own. If we suppose a current, in passing from post 1 to post 2, Fig. 2, makes of the armature a mag net whose poles are n s, as lettered in Fig. 4, then, as like poles repel and unlike poles attract, the pole n of the armature will be at tracted by pole c s and repelled by pole c n, while the pole s of the armature will be attracted by c n and repelled by 0 s. Consequently the armature will set itself with its top to theleft, orin the direction of the arrow, Fig. 4. A reversalot' thecurrent will causeareverse action throughout and will leave the armature in the opposite position. it will always remain in the position given it by the last current, even when the current ceases to flow, till the flow of an opposite current.

From this description itwill be seen that each impulse or current sets up a fourfold in iiuence, tending to change the position of the armature.

The contact-points t i should be so set as to limit the extent of vibration and prevent the armature coming in contact with the poles cc.

Asingle side of this arrangement,including onepole only ofthepermanentmagnetB, might be used with the same result; but the action would be buthalfas strong with a given current.

By making the armature heavier this device will also serve equally well as a polarized sounder.

Owing to the fact that in this arrangement the armature is entirely detached from the magnet, it requires much less current to change or reverse its magnetism than is required to change the magnetism of the poles themselves,

as is done in the ordinary form of polarized relay, and owing to the quadrupled forces acting on the armature its mass need not be great to insure prompt action and good contact ati 0'. Its inertia will therefore be slight, and thereby allow of a high speed of vibration-so high,in fact, that it maybe used as a telephonic relay when delicately adjusted.

I am aware that it is not new to pivot an armature within a helix, the end of said armature extending between the poles of an electromagnet, such a device being shown in the British patent of Siemens, No. 13,062 of 1850, and in other patents, and I limit my claimsiu view of this admitted state of the art.

Having thus described my invention, what I claim is- 1. In arelay, asoft-iron armature, D, pivoted in its middle and surrounded by a helix, G, and the whole placed between the bifurcated poles c c 0 0 of a magnet, 13, substantially as described.

2. A magnet, B, having each of its poles bifurcated, a soft-iron armature pivoted midway between said poles and capable of vibrating between them, and a coil or helix surrounding said armature, substantially as described.

3. In a relay, as described,an armature pivoted within and in combinationwith the spool G, said spool being formed with a hollow core and having a small collar or flange, G, in which is the pivotf, and by which the spool is supported, substantially as described.

In testimony whereot'I have signed my name to this specification in the presence oftwo subscribing witnesses.

FRANK ANDERSON.

Witnesses:

tUFUs ANDERSON, tUssELL H. ROBBlNS. 

